Marketing distribution management#3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Marketing distribution management#3 - Essay Example These can be through charity work and donations. Sales promotion involve seasoned media or non-media communications that aims at increasing consumer and market demands as well as product availabity through coupons, product samples or trade shows. Direct marketing involve channel agnostic advertisements like mobile messaging, online display ads or interactive consumer websites. Brand vision is to empower people with great software on any devise, anytime and anywhere. Brand position would be the market leader, while brand personality is safe. These brands increases sales of Microsoft goods and services as for example, one would prefer services from number one leader and more so a safe one. Building a brand before its launch before its launch is important in ensuring that it does not fail to meet its target or cause problems like Microsoft vista. It would also ensure that the corporation creates necessary structure for accommodating increased services if the brand is successful (Solomon, Cornel and

ICT Specification Essay Example for Free

ICT Specification Essay This business is a company based on renting cars that are owned by the company itself to people which are in need of transportation and are willing to pay a one-off payment most cases to hire a car that may include a chauffeur if required this will be at extra cost. This company offers a number of things: * Unlimited mileage for your whole rental (except in a few instances*) * All mandatory insurances * A guaranteed discount for booking on line! * Waiver for collision damage liability (so you dont pay for damage to the vehicle, except for a normal excess and exceptions) * Waiver for vehicle theft (so you do not pay if your rental car is stolen, except for an excess) * All other direct charges or surcharges known pre-booking (with a few exceptions*) The company also has their own web page which can be used for various things. www.carrentals.co.uk It is run by Mr F James who started this business 4 years ago independently and has successfully been the manager at their main office which is located: 16 Waterworks street Aston Birmingham B6 6TR Overall they employ 15 people not including Mr James. These people do various jobs such as: * Customer services: await phone calls from the customers that have already rented a car encase there are any problems or any issues that need solving or they need assistance with. * Answering phones calls at first stage: this is when customers might call in for information or are first giving in their details to the company, to enable them access to a car. * Availability and returns personal: these are the people that update the database with information on cars that are available, new or they make sure the cars are return in the same condition they were handed out on. * Repairs: this is a mechanic who will restore and check the cars before they are given to the next customer. * Chauffeur: these are the personal that drive the customers if they require a driver. * Admin people: these are the people that keep control of the situation and make sure that everything is going according to their specification and they are meeting their customers needs. Furthermore this type of personal is in charge of all toe new buys the company makes for example in cars and they make sure improvements are made. The customers of this business are people in need to rent a car these people could be anyone whom for example, is in need of a trip therefore renting a car or is arriving at a new city or country and needs a pickup from the airport or wants a car to roam around the city with. Also there could be customers that are tired of driving the same car every day and want to upgrade to a higher class car for a week so that they can give themselves a luxurious experience.

My Goals - I Want to Get Back What I Once Had Essay -- strength flexib

My Goals - I Want to Get Back What I Once Had Physically I've always had my ups and downs. I suppose it all depends on what's going on in my life that would allow adequate amounts of physical activity. Most of my physical activities are done in the summer and the least amount is done in the winter. That's not to say that I don't get a little here and there all the time. Most of my cardiovascular fitness is done in the summer, whereas any other exercise I might have is done mostly other parts of the year. Currently I don?t have many strengths as opposed to weaknesses as far as physical fitness is concerned because I haven't been active very much since high school. You could say I?ve been pretty lazy. If I were to say that I still had any strengths left, they would be anything having to do with anaerobic exercise. Perhaps such things as lifting weights for a short period of time I may still be able to do pretty well, but as for running a mile or so, I don?t think I'd be able to do it as well as I used to.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My activity background isn?t very extensive other than a required physical education class throughout grade school. However in middle school I played on a soccer team recreationally for a year or two. In high school I really started to become aware of my physical condition and myself. I began to get tired easily and my muscles always hurt. I was horribly out of shape. So in ninth grade I decided to joint the wrestling team. And every winter form ninth to twelfth gra...

Stephen Hawking Essay -- Stephen Hawking biography Essays

If you casually mention the name Stephen Hawking in conversation, you are likely to get a number of reactions from people.Some people know him from cameo appearances in movies or TV shows like The Big Bang Theory. Others have leafed through his popular book, A Brief History of Time. People recognize him as an outspoken representative for the disabled, and a leader of the scientific community.But how many people know him for his research? Professor Hawking has certainly lived an impressive life, and he is an inspiring public figure.With all the distractions surrounding Professor Hawking, most people forget about the groundbreaking discoveries that he has helped develop in the science of Cosmology.Through this essay, I hope to share some of his scientific work the reader. Like with any story, we must begin at the beginning.Stephen William Hawking was born on January 8, 1942, exactly 300 years after the death of Galileo.He came from a relatively modest background.His family did have a rather strong academic tradition though.Both of his parents had attended and graduated from Oxford, and his father, Frank, was appointed Head of the Division of Parasitology at the National Institute of Medical Research after the end of World War II.His family lived in the small town of St. Albans.When Stephen was 10 he was sent to St. Albans School, a private school with an excellent academic reputation.Stephen was naturally gifted and remained near the top of his class.He ran with a small group of friends who were all good students and they spent a great deal of time discussing intellectual matters.Hawking graduated from St Albans and was admitted to Oxford on a scholarship1. Many scholars are surprised to hear that Hawking did his undergrad... ...agraph comes from White & Gribbin pgs. 175-182 15) The preceding paragraph comes from Hawking pgs. 139-146 16) The preceding quote comes from White & Gribbin pgs. 187-188 Sources: - Hawking, Stephen. (1988). A Brief History of Time. New York: Bantam Books. (pp 191). - Hawking, Stephen & Ellis, George. (1973). The Large Scale Structure of Space-time. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (pp 364). - White, Michael & Gribbin, John. (1992). Stephen Hawking: A Life in Science. New York: Dutton. (pp 293). - Hawking, Stephen. Does God Play Dice?. Public Lecture http://www.hawking.org.uk/pdf/dice.pdf - Hawking, Stephen. Space and Time Warps. Public Lecture http://www.hawking.org.uk/pdf/warp.pdf - Hawking, Stephen. The Beginning of Time. Public Lecture http://www.hawking.org.uk/pdf/bot.pdf

How Did the Constitution Guard Against Tyranny

How Did the Constitution Guard Against Tyranny? What do you think tyranny means? When we think of tyranny, we consider its harsh absolute power in the hands of one individual, like King George Ill. In James Madison's argument for his support of the Constitution he wrote that â€Å"The accumulation of all power†¦ in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or many is the very definition of tyranny. † In 1787, the framers came together in Philadelphia to write the Constitution to help guard against tyranny.The Constitution guarded gainst tyranny in several ways which were federalism, separation of power, checks and balances, and big states versus small states. The first guard against tyranny was federalism which means the federal principle of government. In the Federalist Paper #51 James Madison wrote that â€Å"In the compound republic of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and the portion allotted to each subdivid ed among distinct and separate departments. † (Doc. A). Madison's idea was known as Federalism, the division of ower between central and state governments.Federalism provides a double security to the people by the arise of the people's rights. Central and state governments have shared and separate powers. For instant, both governments set up courts and pass laws. Powers given to the Central Government were regulate trade, declaring war, setting up post offices, and making immigration laws. Powers given to the states were holding elections, setting up local governments, passing marriages and divorce laws, and establishing schools. Federalism protects against yranny because both governments were equal and gave people a say in the government.A second guard against tyranny was separation of power which means the government divided into three branches. They separated the government into the executive branch, legislative branch, and Judicial branch. In the Federalist Paper #47 James Madison said â€Å"The accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and judiciary, in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or many, and whether hereditary, self-appointed, or elective, may be Just pronounced the very definition of yranny†¦ † (Doc B). The idea Madison advocated with this quote was that through the separation of powers there tyranny shouldn't form.The Job of each branch is to protect the rights of the people. The separation of powers protects against tyranny because one branch cannot do something without the consultancy of another branch. This provided equal powers between the three branches. The third guard against tyranny was checks and balances which means a balance in power. As indicated in the chart, document C, the legislative branch or congress has check over he executive and Judicial branch it can override the vote of the executive branch and approve of presidential nominations. With the Judicial branch it could impeach judges and remove them from office.They could also do the same with the President and remove him or her from office. The executive branch could appoint Judges to the Supreme Court and can veto Congressional legislation. The Judicial branch can declare laws unconstitutional and declare presidential acts as unconstitutional. James Madison said that â€Å"†¦ (The three branches) should not be so far separated as to ave no constitutional control over each other,† meaning that without check and balances it would be one step closer to a tyranny, because one of the branches could gain all the control of the power (Doc C).In that the fght over how the states should be represented in congress began. The fourth and final step the delegates implied was the arguments between the small and big states and how they should be represented in congress. In the Constitutional Convention there was a big fuss over how the states should be represented, so that the big states votes or uggestions wouldn't overrid e the votes or suggestions of the smaller states. They came to the agreement known as the Great Compromise.In the compromise the agreed that under the House of Representatives the states would be represented by population (Doc. D). This made the larger states happier because they would have more representation over the smaller states. They also agreed to that the Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators per state, making the smaller states happier because of the equal representation. With the compromise the states ould become united and this would help guard against tyranny.In the Constitutional Convention the delegates and Madison used arguments of federalism through the division of powers, checks and balances and the arguments between the larger and smaller states to guard against tyranny. Although checks and balances and the arguments between are important reason to prevent tyranny, the most important reason for the prevent of tyranny is the separation of pow ers, through the separation of powers the delegates insecurity of our rights. Therefore preventing one group gaining control of all powers. How Did The Constitution Guard Against Tyranny? Tyranny is a malicious enemy, it takes over and, will make you go against your will. The Articles Of Confederation was the first step the American Colonists took to get rid tyranny, but that dramatically failed. The Articles Of Confederation was missing many key parts such as a central government, there was no president, and the wasn’t even a court system. Also it didn’t justify a currency for the whole country.When you went to other states, they all had different currencies, so it was almost impossible to buy things, because people didn’t know how much one currency was worth compared to the other. Another problem the Articles Of Confederation didn’t cover was that there was no way for the central government to force states to pay their taxes. This was a problem because if states didn’t pay their taxes, the states would be a tyrant over the federal government. American Colonists decided that they needed a new constitution if they didn’t want the country to fall apart.The framers of the constitution protected us from the terrible evil of tyranny using four methods, which were, Federalism, dividing the government into three branches, a system of checks and balances, and preventing large states from creating a tyranny over the small states. Document A shows that the first step the framer took to protect us from tyranny was using a form of government called Federalism. Madison’s idea of division of power between central and state governments is known as federalism. (Doc A) From the chart in Document A, you can clearly see that this prevents any tyranny from happening.Powers that are needed to run a country are given to the federal government such as Declaring war, coining money, and conducting foreign relations. (Doc A) Also powers that are needed for a state are given, such as holding elections, and regulating in-state business. (Doc A) Powers that are needed by both states, and the federal law are shared. This prev ents any tyranny from happening because the states can’t take control of federal powers, and the federal government can’t take control of state powers. They can only take the power shared and the powers they own.The second step the framers took to protect us from tyranny was divide the central government into three branches. The section taken from the constitution it’s self shows the three branches of government. James Madison said, â€Å"the accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and judiciary, in the same hands, wether of one, a few, or many, and wether hereditary, self-appointed, or elected, may be justly pronounced the very definition of tyranny. (Doc B) The constitution clearly doesn’t put the powers of legislative, executive, and judiciary in one, or many hands.All the branches have split powers. The Legislative branch can only have the powers of congress. (Doc B) The Executive branch has powers vested within the president. (Doc B) Las tly, the Judicial branch has its powers vested in the highest court of the nation, the Supreme Court. As you can see the constitution prevents any branch to gain any more power from other branches. You may ask, â€Å"wasn’t Germany a democracy before Hitler took over? † Yes it was, but the next paragraph explains how the constitution prevented any other branch from taking over powers of another branch.The framers of the constitution created an ingenious way to prevent tyranny of one branch over other branches, with a system of checks and balances. James Madison said, â€Å"the constant aim is to divide and arrange the several offices in such a manner as that they may be a check on the other†. (Doc C) The diagram shows the branches have checks on each other. If the president tries to take the power of another branch, than the legislative branch can impeach the president. (Doc C) This is one of the checks of the legislative branch on the Executive branch.Each bran ch has a check of every other branch, so if one branch is doing something wrong, another branch can check the wronged branch, and fix the problem. This probably answers your question on how another branch can’t take control. One of the last things the framer of the constitution did to make sure no tyrant would arise, was to make sure the smaller states got a fair vote in congress. In the constitutional convention, two plans were proposed called the Virginia plan, and the New Jersey plan. The Virginia plan was favored large states, and was based of population.The New jersey plan favored small states, and gave each state an equal amount of votes. Eventually they came up of something called the great compromise, and they proposed that congress would be composed of the senate, and The House Of Representatives. The House Of Representatives is based of population, which provides fairness to large states. (Doc D) On the other hand, the Senate has two representatives from each state, which provides fairness to smaller states. (Doc D) Undoubtedly, this provides fairness among both large, and small states, ultimately taking a closer step to rid of tyranny.To sum it up, the framers of the constitution protected us from the terrible evil of tyranny using the four methods, Federalism, dividing the government into three branches, a system of checks and balances, and preventing large states from creating a tyranny over the small states in congress. James Madison said, â€Å"the accumulation of powers in the same hands, wether of one, a few, or many, is the very definition of tyranny† , and the constitution does a good job of preventing that. The framers succeeded in creating a well built constitution because all four methods have created security that no tyrant, or tyranny would arise.

A Rite Of Passage Essays - Mammal Female Reproductive System

A Rite Of Passage Essays - Mammal Female Reproductive System A Rite of Passage An Evaluation If you read the paper, peruse People magazine, or spend any time watching the tabloid TV shows, you would have the strong impression that what Lorena Bobbitt did to her husband, John Wayne Bobbitt, in the wee hours of June 23 in Manassas, Virginia, was the equivalent of the shot heard ?round the world. You might think that Lorena Bobbitt single-handedly avenged the sexual crimes that have been perpetrated against all women from the beginning of time. There is no denying the primal, gut-wrenching reaction to John Wayne Bobbitt?s wound. It is an unheard of crime, too horrible for men to contemplate, fascinating and appalling to women. It is understandably a major news story. Yet, if I happen to mention that this kind of thing happens all the time to women in certain parts of the world, would it send the same kind of shivers down your spine? The July 14, 1996, Los Angeles Times, states that more than 120 million women across a broad swath of the African continent have been subjected to the brutal genital mutilation that is often called female circumcision. Most are children between the ages of 4 and 10 when the ritual takes place. Although Westerners condemn it as torture, child abuse and a violation of human rights, it remains a revered rite of passage in parts of Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. According to the World Health Organization, circumcision dates back almost 4,000 years. No one knows exactly how the practice began, though scholars speculate its origins lay somewhere along the Nile Valley. The procedure can simply be a small but painful nick across the hood of the clitoris, but is typically more severe. The most severe type of circumcision is called infibulation. The clitoris, inner labia and most of the soft flesh of the labia majora are scraped or cut away. Often with a double edged blade, scissors or even a shard of glass, performed by a close relative, mid-wife or barber. The July 14, 1996, Los Angeles Times, states: ?The child is then bound from waist to toes, and she will remain tied for weeks until scar tissue nearly seals the vagina. She is left with just a pencil-thin hole close to the anus for urination and menstruation. It can take the child a quarter of an hour to urinate, drop by drop. She could develop a kidney or bladder infection. When her menstrual periods start, they will last 10 days and she will be incapacitated by cramps nearly half the month caused by the near impossibility of flow passing through so tiny an opening. The odor of soured blood will linger?. ?If the wound heals improperly, shiny keloid scars will crisscross the otherwise soft tissue of the vulva. Childbirth will be difficult, and the thick scars may have to be cut through to the rectum.? The trauma of a child?s pain transcends into adulthood. A normal and happy sex life is almost never enjoyed, and I am influenced to believe that the magnitude of female circumcision is not understood by the child and rarely explained. To some children it is a way to stop the painful teasing of others who believe that those who have not been cut are inferior. For most it is the only way to become a woman. The April 9, 1995, Los Angeles Times, prints a profile of a Ms. Soraya Mire; a victim of female circumcision at 13 years of age. In the article Ms. Mire is 28. An excerpt reads: One day in Russian class, Mire passed out from unbearable menstrual pain. In a hospital emergency room, an Egyptian gynecologist familiar with female circumcision examined her. Gently, he gave Mire her first lesson in basic anatomy. He explained that the Somali doctor had removed her clitoris and other genitalia as a way to reduce sexual pleasure. ?I had no idea,? she says. ?For the first time, I knew what they took, the worth of what they took.? The most frequent reason offered for female circumcision is to stifle a girl?s desire for sexual intercouse and to make penetration impossible, thereby preserving her chastity. The main reason is to protect the girl from men until she is married. Dr. Mohammed Haddi, an obstetrician and gynecologist believes that because marriage is an economic necessity in countries where circumcision is prevalent, the ritual is ?seen as an act of love, rather than one of cruelty?. The funny thing is once married the honeymoon

Why the American Citizens are Adopting Children from Other Countries

Why the American Citizens are Adopting Children from Other Countries Brodzinsky, D.M., Schechter, M.D., Henig, R.M.   (1992). Being adopted: The lifelong search for self. New York, NY: Doubleday. The authors of this book managed to outline developmental tasks at each of seven stages throughout the life of an adopted person.Advertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on Why the American Citizens are Adopting Children from Other Countries? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Brodzinsky, D.M., Schechter, M.D. (Eds.) (1990). The psychology of adoption. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. The chapters of this book are written by leading researchers in the field of adoption, and they cover such topics as theoretical perspectives on adoption adjustment, outcomes of adoption, identity formation, interracial adoption, family therapy, social policy, and open adoption. Glennen, S. (2002). Language development and delay in internationally adopted infants and toddlers: A review. American Jo urnal of Speech-Language Pathology, 11(2), 333-339. Glennen succinctly covers the concept of delayed speech and language development in internationally adopted children. He states that the major problem is not the transition from one culture to another but change of language and sound issues. Grotevant, H., Dunbar, N., Kohler, J.K., Lash Esau, E.M. (2000). Adoptive identity: How contexts within and beyond the family shape developmental pathways. Family Relations, 49(4), 379-387. This article discusses the development of the adoptive identity in terms of the intrapsychic component, family environment, and contexts beyond the family; implications for practitioners are included. Hollingsworth, L. (2002). Why are so many U. S. families adopting internationally? A social exchange perspective. Journal of Human Behaviour in the Social Environment, 6(2), 81-97. The author gives several reasons why the American citizens are adopting children from other countries. Additionally, readers are p rovided with clear statistics about international adoption in the U.S. Johnson, D. (2002). Adoption and the effect on childrens development. Early Human Development, 68(2), 39-54. The paper brings forth the various issues relating to the concept of adoption. Similarly, there is a section devoted by the writer which talks about the problems faced by individuals who are adopted and the best way to overcome them. Kelly, M.,  Towner†Thyrum, E., Rigby, A., Martin, B. (1998). Adjustment and identity formation in adopted and non-adopted young adults: Contributions of family environment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68(3), 497-500. Adopted college students were compared with non-adopted college students on measures of adjustment and identity formation, and the two groups were found to be largely similar.Advertising Looking for annotated bibliography on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lifton, B. (2001). Shared identity issues for adopted people. In V. Groza K. F. Rosenberg (Eds.), Clinical and practice issues in adoption: Bridging the gap between adopted people placed as infants and as older children, (pp. 37-48). Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey. The author draws upon her experience as an adopted person and upon her work with all members of the adoption triad to explore the psychological issues faced by adopted people before, during, and after their search for their birth family. Rosenberg, E. (1992). The adoption life cycle: The children and their families through the years. New York, NY: Free Press. The book is written by a clinical professor in psychiatry, this book draws on case examples to show how the different members of the adoption triad influence each other and to describe developmental tasks for those in the adoption circle. Serbin, L. (1997). Research on international adoption: Implications for developmental theory and social policy. International Journal o f Behavioural Development, 20(2), 83-92. The author of this article did an excellent job by linking development theories of human beings from day one to when they grow to adulthood and the impacts associated by being adopted internationally. Sharma, A.,  McGue, M.K., Benson, P.L. (1996). The emotional and behavioural adjustment of United States adopted adolescents: Part I. An overview. Children and Youth Services Review, 18(1-2), 83-100. In a comparison of adjustment and family functioning in over 4,000 adopted adolescents and over 4,000 non-adopted adolescents, small but significant differences were found between the groups, with one finding showing lower self-confidence and optimism in adopted persons. Smyer, M., Gatz, M., Simi, N.L., Pedersen, N.L. (1998). Childhood adoption: Long-term effects in adulthood. Psychiatry, 61(3), 191-205. Researchers studied adult outcome variables in 60 pairs of twins who had been separated as infants or children, so that one was raised in the b iological family and one was raised in an adoptive family; results emphasize the impact of socioeconomic status on adult outcomes, such that adopted adults were better educated but also showed greater psychological distress. Trolley, B. (1995). Grief issues and positive aspects associated with international adoption. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 30(1), 257-268. Trolley covered the issue of emotion, grief and perception of being devalued. On the same note, he ventured to the positive issues related to international adoption such as provision of basic needs, quality education among others. References Brodzinsky, D.M.,  Schecter, M.D., Henig, R.M.   (1992). Being adopted: The lifelong search for self. New York, NY: Doubleday.Advertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on Why the American Citizens are Adopting Children from Other Countries? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Brodzinsky, D.M., Schechter, M.D . (Eds.) (1990). The psychology of adoption. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Glennen, S. (2002). Language development and delay in internationally adopted infants and toddlers: A review. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 11(2), 333-339. Grotevant, H., Dunbar, N., Kohler, J.K., Lash Esau, E.M. (2000). Adoptive identity: How contexts within and beyond the family shape developmental pathways. Family Relations, 49(4), 379-387. Hollingsworth, L. (2002). Why are so many U. S. families adopting internationally? A social exchange perspective. Journal of Human Behaviour in the Social Environment, 6(2), 81-97. Johnson, D. (2002). Adoption and the effect on childrens development. Early Human Development, 68(2), 39-54. Kelly, M.,  Towner†Thyrum, E., Rigby, A., Martin, B. (1998). Adjustment and identity formation in adopted and non-adopted young adults: Contributions of family environment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68(3), 497-500. Lifton, B. (2001). Share d identity issues for adopted people. In V. Groza K. F. Rosenberg (Eds.), Clinical and practice issues in adoption: Bridging the gap between adopted people placed as infants and as older children, (pp. 37-48). Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey.Advertising Looking for annotated bibliography on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rosenberg, E. (1992). The adoption life cycle: The children and their families through the years. New York, NY: Free Press. Serbin, L. (1997). Research on international adoption: Implications for developmental theory and social policy. International Journal of Behavioural Development, 20(2), 83-92. Sharma, A.,  McGue, M.K., Benson, P.L. (1996). The emotional and behavioural adjustment of United States adopted adolescents: Part I. An overview. Children and Youth Services Review, 18(1-2), 83-100. Smyer, M., Gatz, M., Simi, N.L., Pedersen, N.L. (1998). Childhood adoption: Long-term effects in adulthood. Psychiatry, 61(3), 191-205. Trolley, B. (1995). Grief issues and positive aspects associated with international adoption. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 30(1), 257-268.

Can I get out of taking the SAT or ACT

Can I get out of taking the SAT or ACT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Some College say scores are not required. Does this mean you have carte blanche to get out of the SAT or ACT? Scores Not Required? When you hear that a school is â€Å"test flexible† or â€Å"doesn’t require scores,† it’s important to do some research before you assume you’re off the testing hook. Although there are technically hundreds of schools that don’t require standardized testing, many of them require some other information instead, or only exempt applicants from test scores if they meet other criteria. For example, at University of Texas at Austin, only students who are in the top 8% of their graduating class may opt not to submit scores. â€Å"Test flexible† sounds good, but all it means is that you can submit AP or IB scores instead of those from the SAT or ACT. These schools also accept SAT Subject Tests, which many consider to be more difficult than the general test. So this isn’t a huge benefit to most studentsthey’ll have to take a standardized test one way or another. You should also consider that most schools that don’t require scores do allow them, and that other applicants will probably be submitting them. For example, at Hampshire College in Amherst, MA, test scores aren’t required but 87% of applicants submit them anyway. Do you want to be in the other 13% if you don’t have to? No, you do not. More information is better, and mastering these tests shows admissions officers your strengths. Without scores, they have to assume you’re hiding a weakness. If You Did Poorly on the SAT or ACT Don’t give up! Easily the biggest mistake teenagers make in academics (and a lot of other things) is giving up. Most students who tank standardized tests are, more than anything else, confused by the format of the examand rightly so. Because the SAT and ACT have to be 100% fair and consistent, they’ve ended up with a lot of weird quirks. But for those same reasons, it can be really easy to understand these quirks (that’s what we’re here for!) and use the test to your advantage. Even beyond that, though, the SATeven though it’s trying to test reasoningactually requires a very limited skillset that can be applied in a variety of ways. SAT and ACT prep (such as PrepScholar!) can define those skills for youskills which, by the way, aren’t completely disconnected from real life. Improve your SAT score by preparing, and it’s likely you’ll improve in other academic areas as well. If You’ve Never Taken the SAT or ACT Maybe you hate tests, or you hate getting up early (every regular administration of the SAT ACT starts at 8am), or you don’t think you have the time to study. The bottom line is that, compared to your academic (and occupational) future, none of those things matter. Let’s say you apply to 3 schools, and the most prestigious one, Bowdoin College in Maine, doesn’t require the SAT or ACT. Only 15% of applicants in 2012 chose not to submit scores, and you are one of those. Although your application will still be considered, it is inherently less broad than those of the other 85% of applicants. Let’s say you don’t get in, and you end up at your second choice school instead. After 4 years of coursework there, no matter how well you do, you still won’t have a diploma from Bowdoin. The prestige associated with a more selective school, not to mention the potentially higher quality education, will serve you for the rest of your life. What’s 40 hours of studying compared to that? The Bottom Line No matter how you feel about the SAT or ACT, or even whether you’ll use them in your applications, you should take them and see how you do. If you don’t kill it, do some prep and try againit’s worth the effort, no matter where you apply. Liked this article? Subscribe to updates on the right! We promise never to sell your email.

World Religions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

World Religions - Essay Example Path of desire is not condemned in the Hindu religion, but the problem with path of desire is its un-fulfillment, as there is no end to desires and wishes which lead to wanting more and more. The followers of Path of desire follow false happiness and chase illusive dreams. Even, if an individual were able to find success, soon he/she would realize that there are still better things in life to be achieved. Man often man desire true happiness and success, which can only be satisfied by following Path of Renunciation. Thus, Path of Renunciation refers to renouncing one desire in order to achieve some thing more important (Moksha). And one can reap the benefits of Path of Renunciation only, when one has achieved maturity in the Path of Desire and wish to go beyond one’s own pleasure and success through renunciation personal desires. It is only possible by becoming part of the community and fulfill the duty of contributing greater good towards society. However the peak of the Path of Renunciation is beyond community and desires, which is the ultimate liberation from matter to attain enlightenment. 2) What are the "Four Paths to the Goal" What is the definition of 'yoga' Discuss each yogic path and its attributes. The Hindu scriptures have mentioned four paths to achieve goal in life: Dhrama, the righteousness in life; Artha, the economic development; Kama, Sensual enjoyment, and Moksha, ultimate liberation and union with God (through yoga). Yoga is training oneself (mind) to achieve perfect state of mind and peace through a system of exercises. Each exercise prepares body for further spiritual awareness and unites the body and spirit for greater control. Yoga is meant to train the consciousness for a state of perfect spiritual insight and tranquility. A system of exercises practiced as part of this discipline promotes control of the body and mind." These exercises prepare body for a full on spiritual awareness enables an individual for complete control of ones actions. The first one is Karma-yoga, which starts with an understanding that man is bonded to actions, thus the purpose is to relieve oneself from these selfish actions. It does not mean giving up all activities; instead Karma yoga refers to the sacrifices being offered to various deities to attain material necessities, however at the highest level it means dedication of all activities to God only. The next form of yoga is Jnana which is meant to promote knowledge through study and thinking. It asks for minimizing the life activities in the belief that the pursuit of wisdom means a simple life. The third kind of Yoga is Astanga, which is divided into eight different stages called Yoga Sutras. The sutras discuss the super-states of consciousness and attainment of several mystical powers, such as the power to become smaller in size. However yogis are not to be fascinated by such mystical powers and instead keep the mind focused on God within. The last form of Yoga is Bhakti, which is meant for mature individuals Within modern Hinduism, Bhakti-yoga remains the predominant path towards spiritual fulfillment. It includes the external and symbolic

Examples of two problems in the healthcare field that have Essay

Examples of two problems in the healthcare field that have mathematical solutions - Essay Example For example, Young’s Rule is commonly used to determine child’s dose. The formula for Young’s Rule is as follows: Rationale for the use of Young’s Rule to determine dosage for children is that there is a lot of variation in the size, weight, and tolerance level of the children. There needs to be a formula that can standardize the determination of dosage for children regardless of these factors. Young’s Rule is particularly used when the dosage has not been recommended for the children by the manufacturer. Using Young’s Rule, dosage for a child can be determined just by using his/her age as the information. For example, if 500mg of a tablet is prescribed for an adult per day, then to find the dose for a child 10 years of age, the process would be as follows: Doctors and nurses operating in the health care industry have to deal with a lot of complicated cases quite often. New procedures and operations are being realized for the treatment and cure of diseases that have so far been considered incurable. Rapid advancement in the field of science and technology has provided answers for many unsolved questions. However, it is not easy to convince a patient that needs a surgery to undergo it. This is where statistics plays its role. Doctors gain confidence of the patients by referring to past patients that have undergone the surgeries successfully. Let’s suppose an older adult needs to have a polyp in the vocal cord surgically removed. He is double-minded on whether or not to undergo the surgery because he may not survive anesthesia as he also happens to be a patient of diabetes, asthma, and few other health complications. Mathematical solution for an old patient that wants to know what are the chances of survival after being given surgery under general anesthesia is providing him with the statistics mentioning the survival rate for patients of the same age in the past. The rationale for providing the patient with the statistics is that it

Employment Law--- case study on Whitakers Fine Wines Limited Essay

Employment Law--- case study on Whitakers Fine Wines Limited - Essay Example The additional workload carried out by Adam was due to the implied duties of obedience and trust and confidence on Sarah and Whitakers respectively. A contract of employment is defined by s.230 (2) Employment Rights Act 1996, is subject to general principles of law of contract and comprises of express and implied terms. The express terms are agreed between the parties involved. The agreement can be either oral or written. On the other hand, implied terms can result from either the statute, courts’ interpretation of situations and duties imposed by the common law. It should be noted that unambiguous express terms in a written contract are generally acceptable and conclusive for instance, (Gascol Conventions V Mercer). Additionally, where an employee agrees to that particular term they are bound by it. The express terms cannot be ousted by implied terms. However, there are selected scenarios a precedent dictates implied Duty of Trust and Confidence can override an express term i f exercised unreasonably. Legal matters The Health and Safety at Work At of 1974 defines the basic structure of the workplace. According to the Act, employers have the duty to ensure that the safety, health, and welfare of their workers are assured as much as reasonably practicable. About safety and health, the Act demands that the working environment of all employees should pose no health risks and should be safe to the extent practicably possible. On the other hand, section 7 of the Act stipulates that the employee should cooperate with their employer and other persons in the performance of their duty as much as possible while taking reasonable care for their safety and that of others. Furthermore, the Employment Relations Act (section 44) stipulates that a worker retain the right not to be subjected to detriment because of an employer’s action or inaction. In the case of Adam, the company acted in a manner that may have the posed risk to Adam by subjecting him to overwork that resulted in his state of anxiety and depression. Furthermore, the company failed to act appropriately by not providing an adequate solution to Adam’s problem, which he articulated well in time. One leading cause of injury at the workplace relates to negligence as exemplified in Donoghue Vs Stevenson [1932] and Caparo Vs Dickman [1990] (Feinman, 2010). In this case, negligence appears to have been on the division of the company as it failed to respond appropriately to avoid risking Adam’s life. Adam seems not to have acted in negligence, as he appears to have taken his duty seriously. Apparently, express terms of the engagement did not contain any obligation on Adam’s part to take care for the role of the sick manager, leading to a breach of his employment rights. As observed in Jarrod v. North Devon NHS Primary Care Trust 2006, passing on the responsibility of the absent employee amounts to breach of employment regulations (Personnel Today 2006, para.4). Ad ditionally, the deliberation on the liability of the employer will illustrate the breach of implied terms, where only the employee seems to comply. Whereas his acceptance to serve in the role of the sick employee was voluntary, the management acted in negligence of the agreement that previously relied on the premise that the leave would take short (Cabrillo, 2007). Signs of negligence from the director and human resources officials emerge from the facts given in the case, which can directly relate to the

Reflective Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reflective Paper - Essay Example s unit, for sure, every company will not work on its optimum for the reason that HRM operates to an aim of improving the effectiveness of the company through its main resource, its people (Gospel, 2009). In order to meet the company’s goals and objectives, the human resource management takes into account a lot of domains. Above all, it should strategically plan on how all these will be met. In this strategic planning, first, the human resource needs must be taken into consideration. There are different views on the strategic aspects of human resource management. Various existing literatures have their own perspective of HRM. Likewise, many definitions of strategic human resource management exist. In 2001, Kazmi and Ahmad discussed the different approaches to strategic human resource management. According to them, definitions of strategic HRM vary depending on the particular approach. The strategic approaches to HRM are strategy-focused, decision-focused, content-focused and implementation focused. Specifically, the strategy-focused approach as considered by Beer, Spector, Lawrence, Mills and Walton (1984) claims that human resource management is strategic by its very nature. This approach greatly believes that all elements that make HRM are connected strategically. For Devanna, Fombrun and Tichy (1981), the decision-focused approach, on the one hand, are based on three decision –making levels such as operational, managerial and strategic. While for the c ontent-focused approach, Torrington and Hall (1995) stated that the strategic human resource management occurs only when there is a match between the elements of HRM and the strategy of the organization. Lastly, implementation-focused approach of strategic human resource management is when each system of HRM facilitates in the designing business strategies and of course, its implementation (Miles and Snow, 1984). However, my real learning of HRM has emerged through my personal experience as a nurse employee.

Critically evaluate the new developments on Destination Management Essay

Critically evaluate the new developments on Destination Management Systems - Essay Example The various stakeholders of Destination Management System includes the Destination Management Organizations containing its employees, the marketing and sales group, the product management group, the supplier of services through destination management system and, the visitors of the destination. The destination management system provides ways of increasing the service level of the DMOs to their visitors and enables them to provide a high quality experience to the tourists who visit the destinations of their choice (Kotler and Keller 45). The destination management system ensures that duplication of efforts are not done and that the management staffs of the DMOs are properly educated and trained to increase the attractions of destination tourism. Thus DMS helps to provide the sought after facilities and services at affordable price to the visitors by which the DMOs are able to attain strategic advantages in tourism. ... The online destination marketing adopted by the DMOs in the latest stage of tourism marketing have allowed the DMOs to offer an integrated portfolio of services to be catered to the customers by the use of online websites and portals of tourism (Buhalis 47). The destination management organization is able to acquaint their customers about the various characteristic features of the destination and the areas of attraction in real time mode. The online destination marketing is a form of real time destination management system that provides unbiased information on the attractive features of the destination, the public services, amenities and the modes of transport available that connects the destination. The quality of the infrastructure, human resources, hospitality and services available at the regional prices in the destination are also informed to the visitors in quick time through online destination management system. The image of the tourist place and the destinations are easily in formed to the large customer base in quick time and, therefore, plays important role to influence the customer’s decision for selecting destinations for the purpose of visit. The online destination marketing by the Destination Management Organizations could be explained as application of the marketing concepts in the digital marketing of the products and services related to destination tourism. The marketing concepts related to the new developments in the online marketing of destinations are that of customer-centricity, targeting, positioning and segmentation in order to offer benefits and facilities to the customers who plan to visit destination for a

Reflective Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reflective Paper - Essay Example s unit, for sure, every company will not work on its optimum for the reason that HRM operates to an aim of improving the effectiveness of the company through its main resource, its people (Gospel, 2009). In order to meet the company’s goals and objectives, the human resource management takes into account a lot of domains. Above all, it should strategically plan on how all these will be met. In this strategic planning, first, the human resource needs must be taken into consideration. There are different views on the strategic aspects of human resource management. Various existing literatures have their own perspective of HRM. Likewise, many definitions of strategic human resource management exist. In 2001, Kazmi and Ahmad discussed the different approaches to strategic human resource management. According to them, definitions of strategic HRM vary depending on the particular approach. The strategic approaches to HRM are strategy-focused, decision-focused, content-focused and implementation focused. Specifically, the strategy-focused approach as considered by Beer, Spector, Lawrence, Mills and Walton (1984) claims that human resource management is strategic by its very nature. This approach greatly believes that all elements that make HRM are connected strategically. For Devanna, Fombrun and Tichy (1981), the decision-focused approach, on the one hand, are based on three decision –making levels such as operational, managerial and strategic. While for the c ontent-focused approach, Torrington and Hall (1995) stated that the strategic human resource management occurs only when there is a match between the elements of HRM and the strategy of the organization. Lastly, implementation-focused approach of strategic human resource management is when each system of HRM facilitates in the designing business strategies and of course, its implementation (Miles and Snow, 1984). However, my real learning of HRM has emerged through my personal experience as a nurse employee.

Two Companies in the Leisure Industry Coursework

Two Companies in the Leisure Industry - Coursework Example Hence, in addition for being a leisure getaway for the locals, it is also a tourist attraction directly competing with the above mentioned attractions. The idea conceived by a husband and wife architecture team in 1989 and with the backing of British Airways it took them one and half year to complete the project. The London Eye in particular under the operation of the Tussauds Group that is in charge of other popular attractions mentioned earlier. The London Eye had outdone other London attractions in visitors number, which is at around 3.5 million a year (Barfield, 2007). As the tallest Ferris wheel in Europe and worldwide, it has few competitors that are taller. The tallest Ferris wheel is located in Singapore and it stands 165 meters, while the London Eye stands at 135 meters making it the third tallest Ferris wheel after Star of Nanchang at 160 meters. The 32 sealed and air-conditioned capsules can hold 25 people and allow them enough room to walk around. One complete round takes around 30 minutes and because of the involved slow speed, passengers can walk on and off the capsules without it stopping to accommodate them. The current owner as mentioned earlier is the Tussauds Group that was able to buy out British Airways and Marks Barfield, the family who were among the lead architects. The Tussauds Group after its purchase in 2007 by Merlin Entertainment and currently London Eye is officially knows as the Merlin Entertainment London Eye and the British Airways brand name is slowly giving way to the new brand name (Mann et. al, 2001) (BBC News). It is a successful attraction attested by the fact that since its opening around 30 million people had ridden in its capsules. The new owner is also leaving its print on the Ferris wheel by opening 4D theatre. It does not mean London Eyes did not have financial problems since it was besieged financially in the outset and later on, since some of the land it stands on belonged to other sources that had demanded a huge amount of rent, from 64.000 pound a year to 2.5 million pounds a year (Reece, 2001). However, the mayor of London had intervened and was able to obtain a 25 year lease on behalf of the Ferris wheel that will cost it around 500.000 pounds a year. Arena Leisure Plc Arena Leisure Plc is also another UK company based in London and it operates seven of the UK’s horse racing tracks. The company that started in 1997 also has under its wings golf courses, hotels and an interest of at least 47% stake At The Races making is in charge of at least 25 % of the horse racing business in the UK. The company claims that it has three main divisions namely racing, it operates the known UK race tracks, catering, it creates its own events and cater for others’ events, and At The Races is broadcasting what takes place in the UK and Irish horse racing. Its racing divisions consists of seven tracks and it is from this ownership the 25% share of the racetrack control comes from. In addition, t he company is involved in leisure activity that it avails through Lingfield Park Marriott Hotel and a country club with an 18-hole golf club. Its catering division is in charge of catering at the seven horse racing tracks. While its catering division is in charge of catering at the seven horseracing tracks, it has successfully won the bid to provide catering at some of the 2012 Olympic games. The company’

Environmental Impacts Essay Example for Free

Environmental Impacts Essay There is a large gap between developed and developing countries in terms of the attention given to environmental concerns. As a general rule, developing nations place the environment low on their list of priorities. Managing the ecosystem takes a back seat to economic advancement and industrialization, which are seen as more pressing needs. On the other hand, developed nations generally take a more proactive role in environment management because they have the budget and the technology to do so. They have also recognized that further economic development can no longer do without sustainable environmental practices (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001). Stemming from this basic difference of priorities is the great disparity between the environment’s impacts on the health of people living in the First World and those living in the Third World. However, it is simplistic to assume that the former are invariably healthier than the latter. While it is true that developing nations use less environmentally-friendly practices, the sheer level of industrialization and commercialization in developed countries sometimes means that these countries produce far more pollution and thus create more health problems for their citizens. A comprehensive assessment of the interaction between human health and the natural environment is not possible given the length of this paper. Nevertheless, this essay will explore some differences between First and Third World nations with regards to two selected major public health issues, namely, air pollution and water pollution. Air Pollution Palo and Solberg (1999) have identified carbon dioxide as the most abundant greenhouse gas produced today, and they cite it as the most critical contributor to global warming, a phenomenon that poses a grave threat to human health and security. Confalioneri et al. (2007) detailed the exact nature of this threat in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Fourth Assessment Report. Global warming first affects humanity by changing weather patterns. Extreme temperature swings, irregular precipitation, rising sea levels, more powerful storms, droughts and heatwaves have all become more common as a direct result of global warming. These phenomena in turn negatively affect the quality and quantity of food, water and air available to human populations. These phenomena inflict a great amount of damage on human settlements and infrastructure as well. The worldwide spikes in malnutrition, infectious diseases, and deaths from extreme weather events are all directly proportional to the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The IPCC also warned that developing societies were at the greatest risk to these environmental pressures. Among these developing nations, Douglas et al. (2001) cited coral reef atolls and reef islands as the most prone because their rates of land loss are dramatically impacted on by incremental rises in sea level. They cited the rapidly disappearing land of the Maldives, the Marshall Islands, and some low-lying Japanese islands as some of the most alarming manifestations of global warming. They added that rise in sea levels has led not only to escalating land loss, but also to the contamination of underground water sources in nations such as Israel, Thailand and island states in the Pacific and the Caribbean. The combined loss of arable land and potable water caused by global warming does not only lead to malnutrition and disease but also to social pressures such as overcrowding in cities, which increase the strain on the human population’s health. In addition, developing countries lack the infrastructure to protect their populations from the increasingly negative repercussions of climate change. In nations such as India, Bangladesh and Burma, relief efforts for victims of increasingly destructive storms are routinely slowed down by the insufficient facilities, resources and personnel. However, it should be noted that developed countries are not immune to these calamities. The unprecedented destruction wrought by Hurricane Katrina on a major U. S. city serves as a grim reminder of the vulnerability of First World nations to extreme weather events. Cooper and Block (2007) are only two of many Americans who have accused the United States’ Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) of being prepared for natural disasters â€Å"on paper,† only to be caught flat-footed when Hurricane Katrina struck the city of New Orleans on August 29, 2005. Cooper and Block also blame FEMA’s ineptitude for the unsanitary living conditions thousands of survivors had to endure for several weeks after the disaster. To this day, New Orleans has not fully recovered from the hurricane. Carbon dioxide emissions are not the only major source of air pollution. Other chemicals such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) also pose significant health problems. As Tang (2004) has underlined, these primary pollutants are doubly hazardous because they can react photochemically to create secondary pollutants, and these secondary pollutants can also undergo further chemical reactions which result in even deadlier substances. This type of air pollution is one of the most critical problems in China today, especially in the capital of Beijing. As one of the most rapidly developing countries in the world, China has seen an enormous surge in demand for fossil fuels to feed its factories and the motorized transport of its citizens. In addition, China has much lower emissions standards for its automobiles compared to other countries, leading to more pollution produced per vehicle. Tang cited Song et al. (2003), who noted the sharp increase in respiratory diseases among Chinese living in urban areas, as well as many residents’ complaints about the chronic lack of visibility in Beijing. Once again, these health problems are not limited to developing countries. In fact, this type of air pollution is acutely felt in megacities such as Los Angeles and London, where air quality is severely compromised by the millions of automobiles and the factories located in and around the city limits. However, developed countries are taking definite steps to decrease the pollution, with one notable exception. As Al Gore observed in the documentary An Inconvenient Truth (2006), the United States lags far behind its European counterparts when it comes to enforcing more environmentally friendly emissions standards for its automobiles. The discrepancy has reached the point where some American vehicles can no longer be sold in European countries because they no longer meet government environment safety standards.

Effect of Blow Moulding on Bottle Weight and Dimensions

Effect of Blow Moulding on Bottle Weight and Dimensions Abstract Blow moulding, which is also called blow forming, is a manufacturing process for production of hollow-form plastic products. The present report is intended to deal with the effect on bottle weight, bottle dimensions and machine output of the various process factors. By reference to Rheological properties of plastics, the correlation between the share rate and screw speed, melt temperature, die swell, bottle thickness were discussed. Also, the influences of elongational viscosity were suggested. 1. Introduction Blow moulding, also known as blow forming, is a process used to produce hollow productions by â€Å"blowing† thermoplastic molten tube into the shape of a mould cavity. Generally, blow moulding can be divided into three main types including stretch blow moulding, injection blow moulding, and extrusion blow moulding. In this experiment, extrusion blow moulding was studied to examine the effects of process variables on bottle weight, bottle dimensions and machine output. In extrusion blow moulding, plastic particles are melted into fluid with heat applied. Then the melt plastic is extruded through a die, forming a hollow tube, which is usually called a parison. After that, the parison is captured by closing it around a mould. Next, air is pumped in to the parison when the ends of the parison keeps sealed at the mould parting line during forming. The parison deforms, forming a shape very closed to the mould. The mould is opened after the component is well cooled. Finally the component is ejected and the procedures are repeated. More and more products are made. In this experiment the plastic particles are High-density Polyethylene, the density of which ranges from 0.941 to 0.967 g/cm3. The High-density Polyethylene is preferred for production by blow moulding as it is more rigid and usually has a matt finish compared with Low-density Polyethylene. 2. Experimental Equipment Hayssen extrusion blow moulding machine Materials High density polyethylene (HDPE), Blow moulding grade, BS2581, Borealis. Procedures Firstly, HDPE particles were pumped into the hopper though a pipe. After that, the parameters of process variables and the temperatures of different zones were set according to Table 1 2, respectively. Then the machine was set in automatic mode and continuous cycle. Each group needs 10 samples, marking 1 to 10. Before the Process Variables were changed, the weight of parison extruded per unit minute was measured. Finally weight of each bottle, was measured along with thickness distribution along the length circumference. 3. Results And Discussions Experimental Results The original records including weight of bottle, bottle thickness distribution, output rate and crew speed are shown in Appendix I. In addition, the calculation of share rate and modified prison length are shown Appendix II and the general results are summarized. Experimental Discussions Influences Of Machine Variables On Bottle Weight And Dimensions Generally the bottle weight and dimensions is influenced by screw speed, melting temperature, and vent time. Screw speed. By comparing group A and group C, it is clear shown that output rate increasing with the increasing screw speed due to low viscosity and high die head pressure. By referring to the rheological properties of plastic, thickness and weight of group A should be higher than that of group C, because the higher sagging brings decreasing of weight and thickness. However, the records of the experiment do not accord with the theoretical analysis. The reason is that the machine is too old. Melting temperature. By comparing Group C and Group D, it is found that the bottles of group D are lighter and thinner than those of group C. The higher the melt temperature is, the lower the viscosity of polymer is. Lower viscosity reduces bottle weight and dimensions. Vent time. By comparing Group A and Group B, the result is that the bottles of group B are lighter and thinner than those of group A. If the vent time is too short, it will cause insufficient cooling and less sagging. Share Behaviours According to the equation ÃŽ ³= (6Q)/ (WH ²), the results of apparent share rate are given in Table 4 (all steps in calculation is shown in Appendix II). Experiments runs A B C D Shear Rate (s⠁ »Ã‚ ¹) 234.94 232.86 398.41 458.62 Table 4: Apparent shear rate Generally shear rate is related to screw speed, melt temperature, die swell and bottle thickness. Screw speed. The output rate is proportional to the screw speed. According to the equation ÃŽ ³= (6Q)/ (WH  ²), as the mean circumference (W) and die gap (H) are constant in this equation, the shear rate (ÃŽ ³) increases as output rate (Q) increases, in other words, screw speed increases. Melt temperature. The viscosity of polymer becomes lower at higher melt temperature. Lower viscosity results in high output rate (Q), which brings out a higher shear rate (ÃŽ ³). Die swell. â€Å"An increase in die swell results in a lower linear output rate. Since extrusion is usually continuous, further adjustments to the process dynamics are sometimes inevitable. Parison length sensors are available, to ease the effects of the problem†. In consequence, larger die swell results in larger output rate, which brings out larger shear rate. In one word, shear rate is proportional to die swell. Bottle thickness. Bottle thickness is related to the viscosity of polymer. Higher viscosity results in lower shear rate. So, shear rate increase as bottle thickness decrease.. Elongational Behaviours According to the equation ΔL= (Ï gtL ²)/ (2ÃŽ »), the results of Modified Parison Length are (all steps in calculation is shown in Appendix II). Experiments runs A B ΔL(mm) 0.566 0.944 Modified Parison Length (mm) 17.566 17.944 According to Table 5, it can be found that the longer the cycle time is, the longer the parison becomes. The result can be explained in this way: the parison will be elongated if more time is given under the gravity force. The elongational viscosity is influenced by molecular weight and temperature. High molecular weight and high temperature cause a decreasing of the elongational viscosity. 4. Conclusions Blow moulding is a manufacturing process for production of hollow-form plastic products. Process variables have the effects on bottle weight, bottle dimensions and machine output. Specifically, high screw speed, low melt temperature, and short vent time results in the increasing of bottle weight and thickness. High screw speed, high melt temperature, large die swell and thin bottle thickness lead to high shear rate. Longer cycle time results in larger parison length. High molecule weight and high temperature cause a decreasing of the elongational viscosity References [1] A. W. Birley, B. Haworth and J. Batchelor, Physics of plastic, Hanser, 1991 [2] Edwin G. Fisher, Blow moulding of plastics, The Plastics Institute, 1971

US Policy Failure: Unilateralism in a Global Environment :: Essays Papers

US Policy Failure: Unilateralism in a Global Environment IMPORTANCE OF MULTILATERALISM In the global age that we live in, it is unreasonable to think that a nation can independently face the complex diplomatic challenges that exist, yet the Bush administration has clearly demonstrated its intention to act unilaterally on a number of important issues, from worldwide security and terrorism to infectious disease and other environmental and humanitarian issues. Throughout the 1990’s, the United States relied primarily on a foreign policy based on multilateral efforts; however, signs of unilateralism began to emerge in 2002 with the planning of the Iraq War. (Levy) In an outline of the United States national security strategy, the current administration made it clear that it no longer felt bound by preexisting global agreements, and that it maintained the prerogative to defend itself from perceived threats even if the international community did not believe such threats were legitimate enough to necessitate action. While the United States will constantly strive to enlist the support of the international community, we will not hesitate to act alone, if necessary, to exercise our right of self-defense by acting preemptively...Today humanity holds in its hands the opportunity to further freedom's triumph over all these foes. The United States welcomes our responsibility to lead in this great mission. But our responsibility to history is clear: to answer these attacks and rid the world of evil. (The National Security Strategy of the United States (2002), p 6, preface, and p 5) Aside from violating the charter of the UN, unilateral preemption is simply not a sound national security policy. There are many advantages inherent to multilateralism that are not possible under a unilateral approach, such as the assurance of participation by all in the management of world affairs, and the legitimacy that it provides, particularly when it comes to matters regarding the use of force or the establishment of universal norms. Also, the complexity of global politics presents a serious challenge to the use of US power. In spite of its incredible military superiority, the United States is dependent on support from allies when it operates abroad. Geographically strategic position gives weak states and advantage when the United States is seeking access to military positions, further stressing the necessity of maintaining good relationships with other countries. In accordance with its apparent wishes, the United States government finds itself alone in its belief in unilateralism; most other governments understand the importance of multilateralism, citing its importance to effectively dealing with issues of Global priority.

Parking Deck Project Of University ______________ Essay -- essays rese

Parking Deck Project of University   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The University of ________________ has been confronted with claims of parking shortages over the past several years. Many of these claims were not supported by any facts or figures that explained the cause of the parking shortages. In fact, some of the claims of insufficient parking were based on students not being able to locate parking spaces in the parking lots adjacent to their first class. Due to recent and projected enrollment increases, there now exist a genuine parking shortage. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the current parking, plan for future parking needs, and propose possible locations for increased parking spaces at the University of ____________.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 1996 enrollment for the University of ______________ is 4,960. The enrollment increased approximately twelve (12) students from the 1995 enrollment. There are currently 2,303 total parking spaces on University property. The University Master Plan recommends one parking space for every 1.8 students. The student enrollment, (divided by) the number of students per parking space, (equals) the number of recommended parking spaces. 1996 Enrollment ........................ 4,960 Students Per Parking Space......... / 1.8 (Divided by) Recommended Parking Spaces... = 2,756 Recommended Parking Spaces.. 2,756 Current Parking Spaces.............. - 2,303 (Minus) Shortage of Parking Spaces...... = 453 The number of Students Per Parking Space ( 1.8 ) is based on a national average of University parking. This formula shows that the University is currently deficient 453 parking spaces.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The existing parking areas are positioned at various locations on the campus of the University. These parking lots vary in size from 6 to 294 spaces. Many of the parking areas are located in the heart of the University. This allows for easy accessibility but it takes away from the aesthetic beauty of the campus. The existing parking areas also cause traffic congestion in their immediate area. The majority of the parking lots are located on streets that have limited access or the exits do not allow for an easy transition into existing streets.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Planning for the future growth of the University of __________________ ... ... campus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cost of the parking would be held to a minimum. This is due to the small amount of excavation that would be needed to prepare the site for building. The parking deck would only need a few levels do to its large area. It would also be easy to build the structure so that more level additions would be possible. All of these options give the University the flexibility to build a parking deck that is economically feasible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This study has reviewed the existing parking facilities and their capabilities at the University. It has also discussed the present and future parking shortages that it is facing. It has attempted to conform to the Master Plan of the University and shown methods to eliminate the parking dilemma. Hopefully all of these ideas can be reviewed and implemented to improve the overall beauty and efficiency of the University of ____________________. BIBLIOGRAPHY University of _____________________ Master Plan. Arcy Thomas J.,1994., The Dimensions of Parking., ULI-the Urban Land Institute. Branch Melville C., 1983., Comprehensive City Planning., American Planning Association.

The Lincoln Lawyer

The Lincoln Lawyer is a 2011 movie directed by Brad Furman. The main Character in this movie, Mick Haller is played by Matthew McConaughey who plays a defense attorney. The part of Louis Roulet is played by Ryan Phillippe. Louis Roulet is a young wealthy realtor who murders prostitutes for his own sick pleasure. The role of Frank Levins, Mick Hallers best friend who is also a detective is played by William H. Macy. The role of Mick Hallers ex wife , Maggie McPherson is played by Marisa Tomei.The Lincoln Lawyer is about Mick Haller a semi successful defense attorney who works out of his Lincoln town car drove by a former client of his who owes him money for his services. Haller has a wealthily client who has a fool proof plan to beat the system. When Louis Roulet, a wealthy realtor is a accused of raping a prostitute, Haller is asked to defend him. Roulet claims that he is being set up by this women for money. Haller and his detective Frank Levins take a further look at the evidence a nd realize that Roulet might just be linked to a similar case from a few years back.Roulet starts to realize that Haller and Levins are connecting the dots that he might be involved in the former murder case. Roulet pays a unfriendly visit to Hallers home and threats him and his family. The next day Frank Levins is found dead in his home. He was shot by an antique gun, that so happen belonged to Haller. Haller had a voice message on his machine from Levins right before he died which was the ticket to putting Roulet behind bars for life. The former case that Haller had worked on put a non-guilty man in prison for life.When he discovered that Roulet was to blame for the girls murder he wanted to make things right but because of legal issues and him being Roulets lawyer he could not bring this out in that point in time. In court the case gets dismissed because the district attorney put a documented lier on stand to testify against Roulet. Little did Roulet know that Haller had a plan. He had the witness say something about his former case while on the stand, which pointed to Roulet being the one that killed the girl.As soon as Roulet was released for one crime he was charged for another. They still did not have enough to keep Roulet behind bars though. This is where the message from Frank Levins comes in. Roulet had got a ticket right outside of the girls house who was murdered which was just what they needed to charge Roulet. There are a few legal issues in this film that can be discussed but the main one I would like to point out is a lawyer must not represent a client if doing so creates a concurrent conflict of interest.That could include the significant risk posed to the attorney representing one client and finding himself materially limited by the lawyer’s own interest or to those a former client. Haller clearly cannot serve as Roulet’s lawyer, especially as details come out about his involvement in the murder for which another of the attorney ’s clients was charged and convicted. His client Roulet, of course, is smart to choose Haller as his attorney.That’s because, even if his lawyer gets forced off his case, everything Roulet had already told Haller from the initial meeting onward was subject to the confidence of attorney-client privilege. That privilege prohibits a court or other government tribunal from compelling the revelation of confidential communications between an attorney and a client if the subject of the communication concerns the professional relationship between the attorney and the client. The client is the one that can claim or waive the privilege.The privilege does not apply if the client seeks the attorney’s services to engage in or assist in a future crime or fraud. So it seems as though Haller cannot break the privilege since he represents Roulet who has told him confidential, incriminating information. In both reality and in the tension-filled movie, it becomes clear that, perha ps, Haller’s best escape from his moral and ethical issues may be by coming to grips that Roulet is guilty and is a horrible human being and that he actually may have at one time represented a innocent man who he had plead guilty for a crime he did not commit.

Human Growth and Development Essay

According to Jean Piaget’s theory of Cognitive Development children’s cognitive development formal operations is established at the cognitive development stage of about age 12 to 15 years. This is reflected in the child’s ability to reason adolescence hypothetically and independently on concrete states of affairs, with the structures represented by the logical combination systems. The rates at which children will progress through the development succession developed by Piaget may vary from one culture to the other; in addition, different children vary in terms of the areas of functioning to which they do apply their formal operation, in line with their aptitudes and professional specialization. Therefore, this paper aims at making most of Jean Piaget’s theory of ego-centrism of childhood and adolescent to help figure out the reflection of de-egocentricity which is the essence of child and adolescent development concerned in the film The Outsiders through the character Ponyboy Curtis a 14 year old in the film. The film showcases a clash between two gangs, the greasers and Socs, whereby young adults comprise the gang members as well as their major protagonists. Introducing the Theory of ego-centrism of childhood and adolescence Jean Piaget a Swiss scholar started studying intellectual development in the 1920s, with the theory of ego-centrism of childhood and adolescence being of great importance to Piaget, and especially so in genetic epistemology. According to Piaget, egocentrism is the most striking deficiency that contributes to other intellectual shortcomings. In his definition, Piaget looks at ego-centrism as the tendency to view the world from one’s own perspective and having a difficultly recognizing the other party’s point of view. This condition is mainly caused by the fact that the child will only talk about themselves failing to put he or herself in the others point of  view. This is the case in the first two stages of Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Theory. The four stages in the theory are the first between birth to 2 years which is the sensor-motor stage, 2 to 7 years the preoperational stage, concrete operational stage between 7 to 11 years, and the final stage consists of formal operations from 11 years and above. Adolescents are observed to be less egocentric than the younger children, this is attributed to the fact that as they grow they become aware of the existence of others existence. Thus, it is believed adolescents gradually abandon egocentrism of children in many aspects. However, it is important to note that when these abilities first develop, adolescents may have a problem distinguishing their thinking from that of the thoughts of others. Therefore, an adolescent may regards others point of view with their own way of think; hence one will tend to think of how others will think of him or herself (Shi, 2014). On the other hand, de-egocentrism is based on Jean Piaget’s theory of ego-centrism of childhood and adolescence. The influence of ego-centrism tends to diminish with the coming of age, that is, adolescents tend to dispose of their ego-centrism along with the coming of age. Thus, the others can look at the process of de-egocentrism as the essence of children and adolescents abandoning their ego-centrism when communicating with each other, trying to appreciate the others point of view and trying to make they be understood (Shi, 2014). De-egocentrism in the film The plot runs by Ponyboy Curtis a young adolescent and a member of the lower-class gang greasers. The Ponyboy lives with his two elder brothers Darrel and Soda. Well Ponyboy seem to prefer Soda to Darrel since the elder Darrel tends to treat him as if he was 6 instead of 14 years. When the Socs gang attacks Ponyboy on his way home, Darrel blames him for not carrying a blade with him. From his point of view, Ponyboy feels Darrel is only blaming him since he is views him as another mouth to find and somebody to shout at. At this point Ponyboy does not understand why Darrel shouts at him, causing a misunderstanding between the brothers portraying Ponyboy’s egocentrism. He  regards Darrel with his own way of thinking, failing to understand him from Darrel point of view. Darrel sacrifices everything to see to it that Ponyboy is successful in life, and believes Ponyboy will never fail to live up to his expectations, however, all these is beyond Ponyboy’s understanding (Ford , 1983). According Shi (2014), Ponyboy’s egocentrism seem to be cast off when the brothers are reunited in the hospital. Ponyboy sees Darrel crying with tears rolling downs his chicks, and he realizes all over sadden that Darrel does care about him as he is trying too hard to make something of his younger brother Ponyboy. It is at this point that Ponyboy accomplishes the task of de-egocentricity through the realization of the importance of understanding others. During this transformation, Ponyboy undergoes a great deal of frustration, by which he realizes the significance of understanding others. With the casting off of his bias against his brother, he manages to distinguish his thinking on his own thoughts, from the thinking about the thoughts of his brother in the process comprehending his brother’s viewpoint. Ponyboy’s egocentrism gives rise to the breakdown of Soda his second brother in the film. Ponyboy might have loved Soda more than anybody else in their family; however, he failed to understand him. When Soda finally breaks, Ponyboy tries to understand Soda’s distress of breaking up with his girlfriend and his dilemma towards his conflicts between Darrel and him. It is from this point that Ponyboy starts attaching great importance to others instead of only himself, in the process giving up his ego-centrism, which his process of de-egocentricity. The brothers get to mature in understanding with the three of them understanding and realizing they ought to stick to together against all odds. Thus, the process of de-egocentricity helps them realize the importance of brotherly affection. Ponyboy and Cherry Valance a cheerleader at the school and the Soc’s leader’s girlfriend enjoy a friendly chart and share some interesting time with Ponyboy. They are both interested in watching the sunsets though from different places. Cherry is from the upper class while Ponyboy is from the  lower class, and despite this difference, they can enjoy the same sunset showcasing a level of de-egocentricity. However, Cherry will not accept Ponyboy as friend in public and evens warns him against it, displaying her ego-centrism. Later own Cherry’s de-egocentrism makes her stand in defense of the greasers when they are attacked by the Socs (Shi, 2014). Socialization Under human growth and development, socialization is a very important aspect. This is a process by which acquire behaviors and beliefs of the culture they live in, and this process is known to bring about three outcomes, which are self regulation allowing one to have self-control. The second outcome is role preparation allowing preparation of occupational and gender roles, and thirdly, is the cultivation of sources of meanings providing consolation and guidance. In the film The Outsiders, Ponyboy undergoes a complete transformation from hoodlums into a promising adolescent who peruses glorious victory through valiant deeds. Thus, socialization means adolescents trying to comply with set social norms which act a turning point in the development of adolescents. Jean Piaget is among the psychologists who believe that peers may contribute as much as an adult or even more to the development of a child or an adolescent (Piaget, 2008). For instance, Johnny is an adolescent as young as Ponyboy, who is seen to be gloomy after being beaten up badly by the Socs. Having been deprived of family affection he seen as the gang’s pet and everyone’s kid brother. Lacking a positive self-identity he is forced to seek self-esteem by identifying with the group ‘the greasers’. Ponyboy and Jonny develop great friendship and they get along well together. When Ponyboy has conflicted with his brothers he runs off to find consolation in Johnny (Shi, 2014). Conclusion De-egocentricity is characterized by the understanding of others among adolescents individuals, which is a reflection of adolescents’ internal coming of age is the processes undergone by Ponyboy. On the other hand, socialization signifies the consciousness of social norms to behave in a way that is acceptable to the society, which is an observable external behavior  of coming of age. Therefore, through a psychoanalytical study The Outsiders reveals a crucial process of young adults’ de-egocentricity and socialization so as their own values and fulfils the task of coming to age as Jean Piaget puts it in his Theory of Cognitive Development. Reference Ford, F., Hinton, S. E., Dillon, M., Macchio, R., Swayze, P., Lowe, R., †¦ & Waldspurger, R. The Outsiders (film). Piaget, J. (2008). Intellectual evolution from adolescence to adulthood. Human Development, 51(1), 40-47. Shi, D. (2014). De-egocentricity and Socialization: A Study of Hinton’s The Outsiders. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 4(4), 668-674.

Portfolio and Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Portfolio and Reflection - Essay Example It was a very good experience doing social work; it was different from the usual corporate sector and it gave me lot of opportunities to learn a lot. I gained knowledge about variety of tasks and explored myself about my strengths and weaknesses. My job title was Business Organizer which incorporated a variety of tasks of different types which are explained in this report. Motivation First of all, I would like to discuss about motivation and how this motivation works for a social work environment. If we go to theoretical background we will have a look about McGregor and Maslow’s work and I will apply it on a social work context. According to McGregor, in his theory X which he gave in his book in 1960, work is distasteful and people do it just for money and security, they can only work when being observed. On the other hand theory Y people are self motivated to learn and accept responsibility for work.(The Human Side of Enterprise, 1960).I found myself as theory Y worker who wa nts more participative kind of environment given to me at Hadfield. I applied for this job because I wanted to improve my employability skills and I wanted to gain experience. I wanted to know how I work even when my job is not clearly defined. My job was more like a record keeping an administrative job where I had to do tasks like photocopying and filing. Still I was able to satisfy my supervisor about my competencies and hard work. There was more participation from workforce and I got my communication skills improved The first couple of days were hectic for me as I did not know about the organization; I searched on internet about the rights and responsibilities of citizenship. But tasks included variety and depending on the need I had to do different tasks. At first I got confused about the administrative and recordkeeping work because my tasks kept on changing in first few days. But then I realized that jobs at higher levels are even more competitive so I decided to develop stami na of working for variety of tasks so that I could be able for higher jobs. I was given full chance of communicating my point of view and my ideas and the colleagues and supervisor treated me very nicely. There were certain things which I did not know about myself before the experience at Hadfield e.g. my tasks were not hard but required lot of determination and I found myself to be fairly responsible about the tasks given to me. I had never thought of using my creativity to problem solving to such an extent before. The supervisor tried to test my capability, and this proved very helpful for me because I discovered and explored my own capabilities. If motivation concept is seen with a different perspective we can take Maslow’s hierarchy. According to Maslow, in his hierarchy of motivation given in his research paper, different people have different level of needs which motivates them to work. Money and security needs are the lower level needs and when they are fulfilled, peop le earn to fulfill their higher order needs. At the stage of self actualization, a person derives his identity from work and he works because he is intrinsically motivated to work (A Theory of human Motivation, 1943). I found myself on the esteem needs of Maslow’s hierarchy. Self-Actualization Esteem Needs Social Needs Safety Needs Physiological Needs I have reached that point in my career where I started deriving my identity from my work. I worked for satisfying myself as social work gives me satisfaction. Context of social work is little bit different from the usual jobs, here money is not the motivator but inner self is. So the higher order needs are in some way related to social work. I applied for this job to gain experience and to improve my

FlyBe Strategy Assessment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

FlyBe Strategy Assessment - Case Study Example Flybe operate' out of more UK airport' than any other airline. Flybe ha' been a market leader in developing it' range of pa''enger 'ervice'.' Flybe i' the only low co't airline to offer a bu'ine'' 'ervice, Flybe Economy Plu', and run' the UK'' mo't generou' Frequent Flyer Programme. We were the fir't low co't airline to offer online check-in to pa''enger' carrying hand and hold baggage; and the fir't to introduce a pre-a''igned 'eating facility allowing pa''enger' to pre-book their 'eat'. FlyBe i' the large't low fare airline in Europe. Operating through it' carrier FlyBe, the company run' flight' to around 120 de'tination' acro'' Europe, including airport' in Denmark, Germany, Norway, and 'weden. For the fi'cal Year 2003, FlyBe recorded revenue' of e842.5 million; an increa'e of 35% over 2002. It ha' a fleet of approximately 45 Boeing 737' and tran'port' over fifteen million cu'tomer' a year. FlyBe i' headquartered in Dublin Ireland, and ha' a workforce of about 1900 employee'.(Datamonitor)1.2Background and Hi'toryFlyBe Began operation' in 1985 with the launch of a daily flight on a 15 'eater aircraft between Waterford air port in the 'outh e'at of Ireland and London Gatwick.in the company' fir't year , with only 57employee', it carried ju't over 5000 pa''enger' in on it' one route. Over the next three Year' it expanded Rapidly opening Many new route' between Ireland and the UK, and increa'ed the number of jet' in it' fleet. However whil't cu'tomer' continued to fly FlyBe, for the low airfare' the co't were not controlled ,and the company continued to accumulate lo''e' . By 1989, the company employed 350 people, operated 15 aircraft and carried 600000 pa''enger' a year, but 'till recorded lo''e' of 20 million pound' in four year'.(Datamonitor)Under a new management team a major overhaul of the airline wa' undertaken in 1990/91, with FlyBe re-launched a' a low fare'-no frill' airline , adopting the formula pioneered by 'outhwe't Airline' in the U'. Non-profitable route' were eliminated, the network wa' cut back from 19 to ju't 5 route'. 'ome aircraft were di'po'ed of and airfare' acro'' the remaining network were 'ub'tantially reduced with 70% of all 'eat' offered at the two lowe't fare'. By 1991, FlyBe wa' operating a fleet of 'ix aircraft, employing 350 people, carrying 700 pa''enger' on ju't five route' , and it had recorded it' fir't ever profit. Over the next couple of year', 'chedule' on the key Dublin-London route wrew increa'ed average air fare' were lowered and new route' were launched from Dublin to Birmingham, Gla'gow, Manche'ter, and Gatwick. The number of cu'tomer' continued to grow, thank' largely to FlyBe'' low fare'. By 1994,FlyBe employed over 500 people and carried 1.5 million pa''enger' per annum. In 2002, the company 'igned the large't ever order with Boeing for 100 next generation 737-800 aircrafgt with option' to buy up to a further 50 aircraft to be deliverd over the next 'even year' . it 'ucce''fully launched 22 new route' and opened two new continental

International Relations Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Relations Theory - Essay Example Realism helps us see how the lack of hierarchy in authority at the systemic level creates rules that confine the choices available to states. Similarly, the emphasis on power explains why some states are more successful in achieving their goals than are others. This approach to world politics called realism has a long, distinguished history and offers a coherent, parsimonious explanation for much of what goes on across the globe. Realism theory is different from liberalism and postinternationalism. Liberalism promotes the freedom to pursue economic gain, liberty to participate in the affairs of public life, respect for political human rights, and minimal government. Postinternationalism comes from the presumption that accelerating change and deepening complexity are the major tendencies at work in the world. Realism, liberalism, and postinternational polaics paradigms have some common elements but they also rest on different and contradictory, premises. Hans Morgenthau (1948) first expounded a theory on international relations which explained the past and current events and which will be the likely direction and shape of future relations. Morgenthau's ideas is similar to writings on world politics and represented continuity with the past. The realist approach stems from Thucydides, the chronicler of the ancient Peloponnesian War, who wrote, "The strong do what they have the power to do, the weak accept what they have to accept." Thucydides pushed for a first-class navy and the wealth of empire gave an edge to Athens. (Thucydides, 1978). It was "the growth of Athenian power and the fear this caused in Sparta" that, in Thucydides' opinion, caused the war. The fact of Athenian power and the fact, known to his readers, that Athens ultimately lost the war creates a terrible tension in his book. (Robert Connor, 1984). Athens, a powerful state lost the war because it overextended itself and fell victim to its own sense of grandeur. Its ci tizens forgot the necessity for moderation and denigrated the virtues of taking justice as well as advantage into their political calculations. Power, as expressed in ships and money, and the moral character of the warring cities accounted for the final outcome of the war.Power holds the two strands of realism that have evolved in the modern era. Traditional realism, which evolved in the 1930s and in the post-World War II period, is a form of realism grounded in a view of human nature. It points out that humans are self-interested, rational, and seek power; qualities that lead to the consistent, regular behavior of states. Traditional realism holds that we live in "a world of opposing interests and of conflict among them, moral principles can never be fully realized, but must at best be approximated through the ever temporary balancing of interest and the very precarious settlement of disputes." (Buzan, et.al., 1984).Neorealism or structural realism, highlights the structure of the international system rather than human nature to account for the behavior of states. Individual preference does not particularly count, since the individuals themselves do not matter a great deal in explaining the behavior of states. This theory proposes that the lack of central authority in the international system causes states to behave the way they do. The set-up of the international system forces states to attend not just to their own interests but to any changes in the power of other states. Realism

Are humans sinful Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Are humans sinful - Research Paper Example Temptations have existed from the ancient times when the serpent had mischievously tricked Adam and Eve into disobeying God’s command that presented they refrain from the forbidden fruit. Humanity has since been plagued with faults and negligence to present their evil nature towards the society. Murders, robberies and fraud cases have been evident in various cases including the parables presented by Jesus Christ like in the good Samaritan. This has been the argument presented to deduce the true nature of humanity the motive to participate in committing evil that break the supreme law. The slow change from the pure soul is witnessed within the development stages of humanity. Although human beings appear pure when they are born, the seed of sin has been buried inside their mind for generations. Evil has been developed within the society to take effect within the activities performed by humanity and these are found within the law of the land. Jesus himself was crucified for the sins of man upon the rules that had been created by the sinful society. This was the example given in the presence of the ancient evil political regime that incriminated innocent people out of the interest to be gained to deliver selfish ambitions. John the Baptist had been murdered out of a corrupt political regime that was against Christianity. Without Christianity, humanity has been tempted into sin to break the law presented in the land. Humanity had been cursed after the events in the Garden of Eden when the seeds had been cast within the soul. Those who had gone against God’s commandments had been punished, like the Israelites on their pathway to the Promised Land. The prosperous have boasted of finding means to enrich their desires after applying the means to excel in harsh presentation s among the less fortunate. However, the Bible has been extended to explain that those without the